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1.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2023. 52 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437572

ABSTRACT

A obesidade está associada ao desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis como hipertensão, resistência insulínica, dislipidemia e esteatose hepática. O consumo de compostos bioativos impacta na manutenção da saúde e na prevenção de risco de desenvolvimento dessas doenças. Entre os compostos bioativos, os monoterpenos são pouco investigados, apesar da literatura demonstrar efeitos promissores desses compostos sobre o metabolismo. O D-limoneno, o principal monoterpeno encontrado na laranja, é caracterizado por possuir efeitos hipolipemiantes, anti-inflamatórios e anti-obesogênicos. Estudos in vitro e in vivo descrevem sua capacidade de promover a ß-oxidação de ácidos graxos em adipócitos e redução da inflamação. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito do D-limoneno no metabolismo e inflamação em um modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta. Para isso, quarenta camundongos machos (C57/Bl6) de 11 semanas de idade, foram distribuídos em 4 grupos, sendo que um dos grupos recebeu ração normolipídica e os demais, ração hiperlipídica. O D-limoneno foi suplementado na ração de dois grupos que receberam dieta hiperlipídica nas concentrações de 0,1%, e 0,8%. Considerando-se a ingestão alimentar dos animais, a ração suplementada com 0,1% D-limoneno correspondeu à ingestão de 0,15 g/kg/dia e ração com 0,8% de D-limoneno correspondeu a 1,3 g/kg/dia. Os animais tiveram o peso e a ingestão alimentar monitorados ao longo da intervenção com duração de 7 semanas. Os camundongos que receberam D-limoneno a 0,1% apresentaram menor ganho de peso e de acúmulo de tecido adiposo, comparado com os animais sem suplementação alimentados com a dieta hiperlipídica. Além disso, o D-limoneno promoveu a diminuição da concentração plasmática de marcadores inflamatórios incluindo TNF-α, INF-γ e IL-6 nos animais dos grupos que foram suplementados com D-limoneno. Entretanto, não houve diferença nos marcadores bioquímicos e metabólicos. Uma limitação do estudo foi o fato das complicações metabólicas associadas ao modelo de obesidade não terem sido plenamente estabelecidas, dados o alojamento individual, à curta duração da exposição à ração hiperlipídica e idade dos animais no início da suplementação. Esse fato pode ter dificultado a observação dos efeitos do D-limoneno na reversão dos parâmetros que seriam normalmente deteriorados pelo desenvolvimento da obesidade. Concluímos que o D-limoneno pode interferir no metabolismo energético, com possível efeito anti-obesogênico e anti-inflamatório. Devido às limitações do modelo, são necessários mais estudos para confirmar esses resultados


Obesity is associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. The intake of dietary bioactive compounds is associated with the maintenance of health and the prevention of chronic diseases. Among the group of bioactive compounds, monoterpenes are poorly investigated, in spite of several reports of their promising effects on metabolism. D-limonene is the main monoterpene found in oranges, known for its hypolipemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesogenic effects. in vitro and in vivo studies associate D-limonene to increased ß-oxidation of fatty acids in adipocytes and reduced inflammation. This study aimed at investigating the effects of D-limonene on metabolism and inflammation in a diet-induced obesity model. For this purpose, forty male mice (C57/Bl6) were distributed in 4 groups, with one group receiving a normolipidic diet and the others, a high-fat diet. D-limonene was supplemented in the diets of two groups that received high-fat diet at the concentrations of 0.1% and 0.8%. Considering the feed intake, mice receiving D-limonene supplementation at 0.1% ingested in average 0.15 g/kg/day, while the mice receiving the supplemmentation at 0.8%, ingested approximately 1.3 g of D-limonene /kg/day. The animals had their weight and food intake monitored throughout the intervention. Mice that received Dlimonene supplementation at 0.1% showed reduced weight gain and accumulation of adipose tissue compared to the non-supplemented mice fed the high-fat diet. In addition, D-limonene promoted a decrease in hepatic inflammatory markers including TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-6. However, there was no difference in biochemical and metabolic markers. A limitation of the study was that the metabolic complications associated with the obesity model were not fully established, probably due to the age at the start of the protocol (11 weeks), individual housing and short duration of the exposure to the high-fat feed. This fact may have prevented the observation of the positive effects of D-limonene in reversing parameters that would normally be impaired by the development of obesity. We conclude that D-limonene may interfere in energy metabolism, with a possible anti-obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effect. Due to the limitations of the model, further studies are needed to confirm these findings


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Limonene/adverse effects , Obesity/chemically induced , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Chronic Disease/classification , Citrus sinensis/metabolism , Monoterpenes/analysis , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Inflammation/complications , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
2.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 26(1): 1-12, Jan-Abr. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362657

ABSTRACT

Mesmo com a evolução do conhecimento científico, a utilização de plantas medicinais é uma das práticas mais antigas ainda realizadas pelo homem, especialmente pelos habitantes de comunidades e municípios do interior do Brasil, principalmente em regiões com baixos índices de desenvolvimento humano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo etnobotânico sobre as plantas medicinais utilizadas pelos moradores de um bairro localizado em um município ribeirinho do interior do estado do Amazonas. Participaram do estudo cem indivíduos, e os dados obtidos pela pesquisa foram compilados por meio de um formulário, contendo 14 questões (objetivas e discursivas). Os resultados demonstraram que 95% dos moradores faziam uso de plantas medicinais. Foram citadas 89 espécies, pertencentes a 48 famílias botânicas, com destaque para a Lamiaceae. As plantas mais citadas foram: Plectranthus barbatus (boldo) ­ 6,1%, Citrus sinensis (laranjeira) ­ 5,8% e Allium sativum (alho) ­ 4,7%. No entanto, quando analisado o índice de concordância (porcentagem de uso principal = CUP), a Citrus sinensis (laranjeira) apresentou um CUP de 80,9%, seguida por Plectranthus barbatus (boldo) e Disphania ambrosioides (mastruz), com 68,1% e 61,5%, respectivamente. Com relação ao modo de preparo, 61,1% citaram infusão, e as principais enfermidades tratadas foram as dores de estômago, com 13,1%. É importante enfatizar a necessidade de mais estudos acerca dos reais benefícios dessas ervas, a fim de que a divulgação de tais informações possa complementar o conhecimento empírico já difundido entre a população local. Dessa forma, será possível ampliar o conhecimento etnobotânico como um todo e, consequentemente, promover saúde e bem-estar.


Despite the evolution of scientific knowledge, the use of medicinal plants is one of the oldest practices still used by men and, especially by the inhabitants of communities and municipalities of the interior of Brazil, mainly in regions with low human development rates. The purpose of this work was to perform an ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by residents of a neighborhood located in a riverside city in the interior of the state of Amazonas. A total of 100 individuals participated in the study, with data being obtained through the use of a form containing 14 open and closed-ended questions. The results showed that 95% of the residents used medicinal plants. A total of 89 species, belonging to 48 botanical families were mentioned, with emphasis to Lamiaceae. The plants that were most frequently mentioned were Plectranthus barbatus (locally known as boldo) ­ 6.1%; Citrus sinensis (orange tree) ­ 5.8%; and Allium sativum (garlic) ­ 4.7%. However, when analyzing the agreement index (percentage of main use = CUP), Citrus sinensis (orange tree) presented a CUP of 80.9%, followed by Plectranthus barbatus (boldo) and Disphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea), with 68.1 and 61.5%, respectively. In relation to the method of preparation, 61.1% cited infusion, with the main disorder treated being stomachache, with 13.1%. It is important to emphasize the need for further studies on the actual benefits of these herbs so that the dissemination of the information can complement the already widespread empirical knowledge among the local population. Thus, it will be possible to expand the ethnobotanical knowledge as a whole and, consequently, promote health and well-being.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Plants, Medicinal/adverse effects , Ethnobotany , Tea/adverse effects , Crop Production , Lamiaceae/adverse effects , Peumus/adverse effects , Citrus sinensis/adverse effects , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Influenza, Human/therapy , Juices , Inflammation/prevention & control , Phytotherapy
3.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 139 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378713

ABSTRACT

A obesidade é uma doença complexa que está associada inflamação crônica de baixo grau que contribui para o desenvolvimento de diversos distúrbios metabólicos como a resistência à insulina e estudos recentes sugerem a influência da microbiota intestinal no desenvolvimento e manutenção da doença. Diversos estudos apontam para o benefício da ingestão de frutas e vegetais na prevenção e tratamento de doenças crônicas. O suco de laranja contém diversos compostos bioativos com ações anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes com efeitos na composição da microbiota intestinal. Deste modo, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da ingestão do suco de laranja Pera e Moro sobre a composição da microbiota intestinal e de parâmetros inflamatórios em voluntários com obesidade e resistência à insulina. Foi realizado um ensaio clínico crossover com suplementação de suco de laranja (400ml/dia) por 15 dias com um período de washout de 40 dias. As análises de sangue, fezes, urina, composição corporal, consumo alimentar foram realizadas antes e após cada intervenção. A comparação entre os tratamentos foi realizada utilizando equações de estimativas generalizadas e adotou-se um nível de significância de 5%. Em relação à microbiota intestinal, em ambos os tratamentos, os dois filos mais abundantes foram Firmicutes e Actinobateria. Dos gêneros analisados, observou-se maior abundância de Bifidobacterium após a suplementação com o suco de laranja Moro. O suco de laranja Pera promoveu uma diminuição da zonulina e o suco de laranja Moro contribuiu para redução de citocinas inflamatórias, diminuição da pressão arterial e aumento nos níveis de acetato nas fezes. Após a separação dos voluntários por grau de obesidade, observamos que o suco de laranja Moro contribuiu para o aumento na abundância de Akkermansia, Alistipes, Bacteroides e Catenibacterium em indivíduos com obesidade grau 3. Além disso, em ambos os sucos encontramos redução da razão Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes e aumento da excreção de metabólitos de flavonoides após os tratamentos. Diante destes resultados, conclui-se que o suco de laranja Pera apresentou ações positivas sobre a permeabilidade intestinal e o suco de laranja Moro promoveu efeitos mais expressivos na modulação da inflamação associada à obesidade e da microbiota intestinal


Obesity is a complex disease that is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, and it contributes to the development of several metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, and recent studies suggest the influence of the intestinal microbiota in the development and maintenance of the disease. Several studies have suggested the benefit of fruits and vegetables consumption in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. The orange juice contains some bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions with effects in the composition of the gut microbiota. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pera and Moro orange juice consumption on the composition of the gut microbiota and inflammatory parameters in volunteers with obesity and insulin resistance. A crossover clinical trial was carried out with orange juice supplementation (400ml/day) for 15 days with a washout period of 40 days. Blood, feces, urine, body composition, food consumption were analyzed before and after each intervention. Comparison between treatments was performed using generalized estimating equations and a significance level of 5% was adopted. In relation to gut microbiota, in both treatments, the two most abundant phyla were Firmicutes and Actinobateria. In the analysis of bacterial genera, a greater abundance of Bifidobacterium was observed after supplementation with Moro orange juice. The Pera orange juice reduced zonulin and Moro orange juice contributed to a reduction on inflammatory cytokines, a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in acetate levels in the stool. After separating the volunteers by degree of obesity, we observed that Moro orange juice contributed to the increase in the abundance of Akkermansia, Alistipes, Bacteroides and Catenibacterium in individuals with grade 3 obesity. Furthermore, in both juices we found a reduction in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased excretion of flavonoid metabolites after treatments. Therefore, we concluded that Pera orange juice had positive actions on intestinal permeability and Moro orange juice promoted more expressive effects on the modulation of inflammation associated with obesity and on the intestinal microbiota


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Citrus sinensis/classification , Citrus sinensis/adverse effects , Eating , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Fruit and Vegetable Juices/adverse effects , Fruit , Obesity/classification , Volunteers , Flavonoids/agonists , Body Composition , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Insulin Resistance , Chronic Disease , Eating , Arterial Pressure , Phytochemicals/adverse effects , Inflammation
4.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 58: e18946, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364411

ABSTRACT

Abstract To investigate structure-property relationship of polymer-based curcumin solid dispersion (SD), three acrylic polymers were used to formulate curcumin SD by solvent evaporation method. Curcumin Eudragit EPO SD (cur@EPO), curcumin Eudragit RS PO SD (cur@RSPO) and curcumin Eudragit RL PO SD (cur@RLPO) showed deep red, golden orange and reddish orange color, respectively. Cur@RSPO entrapped 15.42 wt% of curcumin followed by cur@RL PO and cur@EPO. FTIR spectra indicated that in cur@EPO, curcumin may transfer hydrogen to the dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate group and thus change its color to red. In contrast, curcumin may form hydrogen bonding with Eudragit RS PO and Eudragit RL. Curcumin exists in amorphous state in three SDs as proved by differential scanning calorimetry and X-Ray diffraction measurement. In vitro digestion presented that lower pH value in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) stimulates the curcumin release from cur@EPO while permeability influences the release profile in other two SDs. When in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), first order release model governs the release behaviors of all three SDs which showed sustained release pattern. Our results are helpful to elucidate how structure of polymer may impact on the major properties of curcumin contained SD and will be promising to broaden its therapeutic applications.


Subject(s)
Polymers , Curcumin/analysis , Methods , Solvents/administration & dosage , X-Ray Diffraction/instrumentation , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods , Evaporation/classification , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Color , Citrus sinensis/classification , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
5.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 99 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1396713

ABSTRACT

O principal hormônio associado aos processos do amadurecimento é o etileno, porém, na formação de compostos voláteis nos frutos, observa-se que as auxinas, o ácido abscísico e os jasmonatos também podem atuar como reguladores. Estudos indicam que em frutos climatéricos deve haver uma interação entre o metil jasmonato (MeJA) e o etileno na formação de compostos voláteis, mas em frutos não-climatéricos tal interação não é tão evidente. Há evidências de que o MeJA atue na regulação de algumas vias metabólicas relacionadas ao amadurecimento em frutos, sendo capaz de induzir aumento na produção de várias classes de compostos voláteis, através da expressão de genes que codificam as enzimas relacionadas às suas vias biossintéticas. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar o efeito do metil jasmonato sobre o padrão de produção de compostos voláteis do aroma em frutos climatéricos e não-climatéricos. Precedentes do laboratório de Química, Bioq. e Biol. Molecular de Alimentos indicam que o MeJA apresentou padrões diferentes de comportamento em frutos climatéricos e não-climatéricos no que tange a formação do aroma. Assim, o presente projeto tem por hipótese a diferença de influência que o MeJA exerce sobre a produção de compostos voláteis em frutos climatéricos e não-climatéricos. Para testar esta hipótese foi avaliado o efeito do tratamento com MeJA na produção de compostos voláteis do aroma durante o amadurecimento de banana (Musa acuminata, cv. Nanicão), como exemplo de fruto climatérico e laranja (Citrus sinensis cv Pêra) para não-climatéricos. Os frutos foram divididos em grupo controle e tratado com MeJA (10 ppm/24h), armazenados em caixas plásticas tampadas e lacradas. Após tratamento foram submetidos a análises diárias da produção de etileno por cromatrogafia gasosa (CG), cor da casca e pesagem. Baseado em escalas de cor e a polpa foi congelada em N2 líq. e armazenada a -80°C para posterior análise dos compostos voláteis por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). Ésteres, álcoois, cetonas e aldeídos foram compostos majoritariamente identificados na banana e terpenos, aldeídos, ésteres na laranja. As Bananas sofreram influência no perfil de acetato de isoamila, butonoato de butila, isobutirato de isoamila e isolvalerato de isoamila do começo ao fim do tratamento com MeJA, e as laranjas o tratamento influenciou os compostos Cis-muirola-3-5-diene, gamageraniol, alfa-copaeno, valenceno, alfa-pineno, carvone, geranial, entre outros terpenos, aldeídos como 3-hexanal e 2-hexenal (E) e ésteres como butirato de etila, nerol e tiglato de etilo. Os ésteres em frutos são produzidos por várias isoformas das álcool acil transferases (AATs). Estudos explicam que, ao menos 31 transcritos de AATs foram identificados em bananas, sendo 8 com altos níveis de expressão. Assim, é plausível supor que tal variedade de transcritos, e por conseguinte as AATs que codificam, sejam reguladas por múltiplos fatores, o que pode incluir o MeJa dentre outros sinais hormonais. Os terpenos são formados a partir de duas rotas, a do ácido mevalônico (MVA) e a rota do metileritritol fosfato (MEP). Compostos como, D-limoneno (51) e beta-selineno (62) tiveram níveis relativos maiores nos frutos do grupo controle, enquanto compostos terpênicos como geranial (59), valenceno (79) e o-cimeno (128), apresentaram maiores níveis nos frutos tratados com MeJa, no primeiro dia após o tratamento. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento hormonal com MeJA causou mudanças do início ao fim do amadurecimento na composição do aroma de bananas (Musa acuminata cv Nanicão) e laranjas (Citrus sinensis cv Pera)


The main hormone associated with ripening processes is ethylene, but in the formation of volatile compounds in fruits, auxins, abscisic acid and jasmonates can also act as regulators. Studies indicate that in climacteric fruits there should be an interaction between methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethylene in the formation of volatile compounds, but in nonclimacteric fruits such interaction is not so evident. There is evidence that MeJA acts in the regulation of some metabolic pathways related to fruit ripening, being able to induce an increase in the production of several classes of volatile compounds, through the expression of genes that encode enzymes related to their biosynthetic pathways. In this sense, the objective of this project was to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate on the production pattern of aroma volatile compounds in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Precedents from the Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bioq. and Molecular Biol. Molecular Chemistry, Bioq. and Molecular Biol. of Foods laboratory indicate that MeJA showed different behavior patterns in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits regarding aroma formation. Thus, the present project hypothesizes the different influence that MeJA has on the production of volatile compounds in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. To test this hypothesis the effect of MeJA treatment on the production of volatile aroma compounds during ripening of banana (Musa acuminata, cv. Nanicão) as an example for climacteric fruit and orange (Citrus sinensis cv Pêra) for non-climacteric fruit was evaluated. Fruits were divided into control and MeJA treated group (10 ppm/24h), stored in capped and sealed plastic boxes. After treatment they were subjected to daily analysis of ethylene production by gas chromatography (GC), peel color and weighing. Based on color scales and the pulp was frozen in liquid N2 and stored at -80°C for subsequent analysis of volatile compounds by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Esters, alcohols, ketones and aldehydes were compounds mostly identified in banana and terpenes, aldehydes, esters in orange. Bananas were influenced in the profile of isoamyl acetate, butyl butonoate, isoamyl isobutyrate and isoamyl isolvalerate from the beginning to the end of the MeJA treatment, and oranges the treatment influenced the compounds Cis-myrola-3-5-diene, gamma-geraniol, alpha-copaene, valencene, alpha-pinene, carvone, geranial, among other terpenes, aldehydes like 3-hexanal and 2-hexenal (E), and esters like ethyl butyrate, nerol, and ethyl tiglate. Esters in fruits are produced by various isoforms of the alcohol acyl transferases (AATs). Studies explain that at least 31 AAT transcripts have been identified in bananas, 8 of which have high expression levels. Thus, it is plausible to assume that such a variety of transcripts, and therefore the AATs they encode, are regulated by multiple factors, which may include MeJa among other hormonal signals. Terpenes are formed from two routes, the mevalonic acid (MVA) route and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) route. Compounds such as, D-limonene (51) and beta-selinene (62) had higher relative levels in the fruits of the control group, while terpenic compounds such as geranial (59), valencene (79) and o-cymene (128), showed higher levels in the MeJa treated fruits on the first day after treatment. The results showed that the hormonal treatment with MeJA caused changes from the beginning to the end of ripening in the aroma composition of bananas (Musa acuminata cv Nanicão) and oranges (Citrus sinensis cv Pera)


Subject(s)
Musa/classification , Citrus sinensis/classification , Food , Fruit/classification , Odorants/analysis , Phosphates/antagonists & inhibitors , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Food Chemistry , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Acetates/antagonists & inhibitors
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(6): 1301-1308, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355670

ABSTRACT

The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin concentration and reproductive performance of ewes supplemented with orange residue prior to insemination. Fifty-five multiparous ewes were divided into two corrals, and 15 unbred ewes were kept individually to measure feed consumption. Two integral diets were administered; T0: control treatment and T1: with 20% of dry matter of orange residue. Ten days after the start of supplementation, the ewes were synchronized. Supplementation was finalized prior to artificial insemination, then, a blood sample was taken to measure the antioxidant capacity and glucose and insulin concentration. An analysis of variance was made to evaluate the effect of treatment on the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin; and to analyze the response to estrus, percentage of gestation and prolificity a ji squared test was performed. Of 9 antioxidant compounds found in the orange residue, hesperidin (7.44%), chlorogenic acid (0.50%) and protocatechuic acid had the highest concentration. Feed intake, estrus response, percentage of gestation, antioxidant capacity, and glucose and insulin concentration were not affected by the treatment. It is concluded that inclusion of 20% of orange residue in the diet prior to insemination in ewes is possible.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante, a concentração de glicose e insulina e o comportamento reprodutivo de ovelhas suplementadas com resíduo de laranja antes da inseminação. Cinquenta e cinco ovelhas multíparas foram divididas em dois currais e 15 ovelhas sem raça foram mantidas individualmente para se medir o consumo de ração. Duas dietas integrais foram administradas; T0: tratamento controle e T1: dieta com 20% de resíduo de laranja seco. Dias após o início da suplementação, as ovelhas foram sincronizadas. A suplementação foi finalizada antes da inseminação artificial e, em seguida, foi coletada uma amostra de sangue para medir a capacidade antioxidante e a concentração de glicose e insulina. Uma análise de variância foi feita para avaliar o efeito do tratamento sobre a capacidade antioxidante, a glicose e a insulina, e um teste do ji quadrado foi realizado para analisar a resposta ao estro, a porcentagem de gestação e de prolificidade. Dos nove compostos antioxidantes encontrados no resíduo laranja, a hesperidina (7,44%), o ácido clorogênico (0,50%) e o ácido protocatecuico foram os de maior concentração. O consumo alimentar, a resposta ao estro, a porcentagem de gestação, a capacidade antioxidante, a concentração de glicose e a insulina não foram afetados pelo tratamento. Conclui-se que é possível a inclusão de 20% de resíduos de laranja na dieta antes da inseminação em ovelhas.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Blood Glucose/analysis , Sheep/physiology , Citrus sinensis/metabolism , Estrus Synchronization/methods , Insulins/analysis , Antioxidants/analysis , Insemination, Artificial/veterinary , Garbage
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 116(6): 1127-1136, Jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278317

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento O suco de laranja (SL) é rico em polifenóis com propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antioxidantes. Após o infarto do miocárdio (IM), mudanças complexas ocorrem na estrutura e na função cardíacas, processo conhecido como remodelação cardíaca (RC). O estresse oxidativo e a inflamação podem modular esse processo. Nossa hipótese foi a de que o consumo de SL atenua a RC após o IM. Objetivos Avaliar a influência do SL sobre a RC após IM pela análise de variáveis funcionais, morfológicas, de estresse oxidativo, de inflação, e de metabolismo energético. Métodos Um total de 242 ratos machos pesando entre 200 e 250g foram submetidos a um procedimento cirúrgico (ligação da artéria coronária ou cirurgia simulada). Sete dia após a cirurgia, os animais sobreviventes foram divididos para um dos quatro grupos: 1) SM, animais sham que receberam água e maltodextrina (n= 20); 2) SSL, animais sham que receberam SL (n= 20); 3) IM, animais infartados que receberam água e maltodextrina (n= 40); e 4) ISL, animais infartados que receberam SL (n = 40). A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de ANOVA com dois fatores com o teste de Holm-Sidak. Os resultados foram apresentados em média ± desvio padrão, e o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Três meses depois, o IM levou à hipertrofia do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), com disfunção sistólica e diastólica, e aumento nos mediadores inflamatórios e de estresse oxidativo. Os animais que consumiram SL apresentaram menor atividade da glutationa peroxidase e maior expressão da heme-oxigenase-1 (HO-1). Conclusão O SL atenuou a RC, e a HO-1 pode exercer um importante papel nesse processo.


Abstract Background Orange juice (OJ) is rich in polyphenols with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. After myocardial infarction (MI), complex changes occur in cardiac structure and function, which is known as cardiac remodeling (CR). Oxidative stress and inflammation can modulate this process. We hypothesized that the consumption of OJ attenuates the CR after MI. Objectives To evaluate the influence of OJ on CR after MI by analysis of functional, morphological, oxidative stress, inflammation, and energy metabolism variables. Methods A total of 242 male rats weighing 200-250 g were submitted to a surgical procedure (coronary artery ligation or simulated surgery). Seven days after surgery, survivors were assigned to one of the four groups 1) SM, sham animals with water and maltodextrin (n= 20); 2) SOJ, sham animals with OJ (n= 20); 3) IM, infarcted animals with water and maltodextrin (n= 40); and 4) IOJ, infarcted animals with OJ (n = 40). Statistical analysis was performed by the two-way ANOVA supplemented by Holm-Sidak. Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation, the level of significance adopted was 5%. Results After 3 months, MI led to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. OJ intake reduced LV cavity and improved systolic and diastolic function. The OJ animals presented lower activity of glutathione peroxidase and higher expression of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Conclusion OJ attenuated CR in infarcted rats and HO-1 may be play an important role in this process.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Citrus sinensis , Myocardial Infarction , Systole , Ventricular Remodeling , Heart
9.
Acta amaz ; 51(1): 30-33, jan.-mar. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1353138

ABSTRACT

A citricultura está crescendo no Estado do Pará, Brasil, mas faltam informações sobre as pragas conhecidas como moscas-dasfrutas e os parasitoides associados na região. Visando abordar esta lacuna no conhecimento, foram coletados frutos de laranja (Citrus sinensis), laranja var. lima (C. sinensis), lima-da-pérsia (C. limettioides), limão-cidra (C. medica) e tangerina (C. reticulata). Registramos, pela primeira vez, infestação em condições naturais de campo por Anastrepha obliqua em C. sinensis no Pará e identificamos uma tritrófica entre C. sinensis, A. obliqua e os parasitoides Opius bellus e Asobara anastrephae .


Subject(s)
Amazonian Ecosystem , Citrus sinensis
10.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 43: e53075, 2021. graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460987

ABSTRACT

Plant tissue culture has emerged as an important tool to produce bioactive compounds from various plant species, including the sustainable production of limonoids that are receiving considerable attention due to the benefits associated with human health such as anticancer activities. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of limonoids aglycone production from callus culture from sweet orange cv. Pera (Citrus sinensis) seeds and identify the compounds produced in this cell line. Callus induction occurred in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D), malt extract, agar and coconut water. For the analysis and identification of the limonoids, CG-MS-EI ion-positive mode and UPLC-QTOF-ESI were used operating in positive and negative mode. An intense peak corresponding to limonin appeared in the callus extracts at a retention time of 58.1 min. in CG-MS-EI and four major limonoids aglycone by positive ion mode UPLC-QTOF-ESI: limonin, nomilin, deacetylnomilin, and nomilinic acid. The culture medium was efficient at the bioproduction of limonoids aglycone in callus cultures of C. sinensis seeds. Therefore, data obtained from UPLC-QTOF-ESI proved its importance at identifying new compounds that benefit human health, and may assist future work in the identification of known or new limonoids in Citrus species and related genera.


Subject(s)
Biotechnology , Citrus sinensis/chemistry , Phytochemicals , Limonins/classification
11.
São Paulo; s.n; 2021. 123 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1342277

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A obesidade está diretamente envolvida na etiologia de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). A ingestão excessiva de nutrientes associada à obesidade culmina na ativação de vias de sinalização pró-inflamatórias em diferentes locais do organismo, acarretando uma inflamação sistêmica, crônica e de baixa intensidade. microRNA (miRNA) atuam como moduladores e biomarcadores de processos inflamatórios e a análise da sua expressão pode contribuir para identificação do risco de DCNT. A laranja (Citrus sinensis) é a fruta mais produzida no Brasil, contendo concentrações significantes de flavonoides, vitamina C e carotenoides, os quais apresentam atividade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória. Neste contexto, destaca-se a laranja sanguínea, que além dos compostos nutricionais comuns em Citrus, contem antocianinas. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da ingestão crônica de suco de laranja sanguínea Moro sobre a resposta inflamatória e o perfil de expressão de miRNA no plasma e em células mononucleares do sangue periférico (PBMC) em mulheres com sobrepeso. Métodos: Estudo de intervenção crônica em mulheres (n = 20) de 18 a 40 anos, diagnosticadas com sobrepeso (índice de massa corporal = 25,0 a 29,9 kg/m2). Durante quatro semanas, as voluntárias ingeriram, diariamente, 500 mL de suco de laranja sanguínea Moro, com colheitas de sangue realizadas nos momentos basal e após 2 e 4 semanas do início do protocolo experimental. Foram realizadas as seguintes análises: caracterização do suco de laranja sanguínea Moro; avaliação antropométrica; aferição da pressão arterial; avaliação do consumo alimentar; determinação das concentrações plasmáticas de glicose, insulina, lipopolissacarídeos, proteína ligadora de lipopolissacarídeo, cluster de diferenciação 14 solúvel, biomarcadores inflamatórios [interleucina (IL)-6, IL-10, fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α), proteína quimiotática de monócitos-1, molécula de adesão intercelular solúvel (sICAM)-1 e a molécula de adesão celular vascular solúvel (sVCAM)-1]; e determinação das concentrações séricas do perfil lipídico, proteína C reativa, fibrinogênio, D-dímero, gama glutamil transferase, alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, amilase, ureia, creatinina e minerais. Foram também analisadas a expressão de miRNA no plasma e em PBMC; a expressão dos genes TNF, fator nuclear kappa B subunidade p50 (NFKB1), NF-κB subunidade p65 (RELA), inibidor alfa do NF-κB (NFKBIA), IL1, IL6, IL10, e receptores do tipo toll (TLR2 e TLR4); e o conteúdo e a fosforilação das proteínas NF-κB, IκB-α, quinase c-Jun N-terminal (JNK), quinase beta inibidora do IκB-α (IKK-ß) e fator de transformação de crescimento beta 1 (TAK1). Resultados: A ingestão do suco de laranja sanguínea Moro aumentou o consumo de vitamina C (p < 0,001), a razão fosfo-JNK/JNK (p < 0,05) e a expressão de miRNA no plasma [miR-144-3p (p = 0,02)] e em PBMC [miR-424-5p (p = 0,002), miR-144-3p (p = 0,006) e miR-130b-3p (p = 0,03)]. Por outro lado, diminuiu o conteúdo proteico de NF-κB (p < 0,05) e a expressão do let-7f-5p (p = 0,007) e do miR-126-3p (p = 0,04) em PBMC. Contudo, não foram observadas alterações significativas na expressão de genes que codificam proteínas envolvidas com a resposta inflamatória e nos parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos analisados ao final do protocolo experimental. Conclusão: A ingestão do suco de laranja sanguínea modula a expressão de miRNA em PBMC e no plasma e diminui o conteúdo proteico de NF-κB em PBMC, sem alterar a ingestão calórica, os parâmetros antropométricos e os biomarcadores metabólicos avaliados.


Introduction: Obesity is directly involved in the etiology of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). The excessive intake of nutrients associated with obesity culminates in the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in different parts of the body, causing systemic, chronic, and low-intensity inflammation. microRNA (miRNA) act as modulators and biomarkers of inflammatory processes and the analysis of their expression can contribute to the identification of the risk of NCDs. Orange (Citrus sinensis) is the most produced fruit in Brazil, containing significant concentrations of flavonoids, vitamin C, and carotenoids, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In this context, blood orange stands out, which in addition to the common nutritional compounds in Citrus, it has anthocyanins. Objective: To investigate the effect of chronic Moro blood orange juice intake on the inflammatory response and miRNA expression profile in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in overweight women. Methods: Chronic intervention study in women (n = 20) aged 18 to 40 years old, diagnosed with overweight (body mass index = 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2). For four weeks, the volunteers ingested, daily, 500 mL of Moro blood orange juice, with blood samples collected at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks after the beginning of the experimental protocol. The following analyses were carried out: characterization of Moro blood orange juice; anthropometric measurements; blood pressure measurement; dietary intake assessment; determination of plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, lipopolysaccharides, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, and inflammatory biomarkers [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1]; and determination of serum concentrations of lipid profile, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, D-dimer, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, urea, creatinine, and minerals. Were also analyzed the expression of miRNA in plasma and PBMC; the expression of genes TNF, nuclear factor kappa B p50 subunit (NFKB1), NF-κB p65 subunit (RELA), NF-κB inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA), IL1, IL6, IL10, and toll-like receptors (TLR2 e TLR4); and the content and phosphorylation of proteins NF-κB, IκB-α, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitor of NF-κB kinase subunit beta (IKK-ß) and transforming growth factor ß-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Results: Moro blood orange juice intake increased vitamin C consumption (p < 0.001), phospho-JNK/JNK ratio (p < 0.05), and miRNA expression in plasma [miR-144-3p (p = 0.02)] and in PBMC [miR-424-5p (p = 0.002), miR-144-3p (p = 0.006), and miR-130b-3p (p = 0.03)]. Conversely, it decreased the protein content of NF-κB (p < 0.05) and the expression of let-7f-5p (p = 0.007) and miR-126-3p (p = 0.04) in PBMC. However, no significant changes were observed in the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in the inflammatory response and the anthropometric and biochemical parameters analyzed at the end of the experimental protocol. Conclusion: Ingestion of blood orange juice modulates miRNA expression in PBMC and plasma and decreases the protein content of NF-κB in PBMC, without changing caloric intake, anthropometric parameters, and metabolic biomarkers evaluated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Flavonoids , Citrus sinensis , MicroRNAs , Overweight , Inflammation
12.
Braz. j. biol ; 80(3): 641-647, July-Sept. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132404

ABSTRACT

Abstract Among fruits and fruit products, oranges and orange juice are the most widely consumed worldwide. However, the effects of pest infestation of oranges on the quality of orange juice are not yet known. To evaluate the effect of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis on the antioxidant activity of orange juice, we measured changes in the vitamin C (Vc) concentration, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity of orange juice after the introduction of fruit fly eggs. Ten days after the eggs were introduced (larvae removed), the concentration of Vc in orange juice was 18.65 µg/mL, which was 9.16 µg/mL lower than that measured in healthy orange juice. In addition, the total phenol content decreased by 46.519 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/g to 9.748 mg GAE/g. Furthermore, the free-radical scavenging activity decreased from 22.297% to 5.393%. Correlation analysis indicated significant correlations between Vc concentration, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity of orange juice after B. dorsalis infestation. The decrease in Vc concentration, total phenol content and free-radical scavenging activity indicated that B. dorsalis changed the quality of orange juice by affecting the antioxidant activity of the juice after the oranges were infested.


Resumo Entre frutas e produtos de frutas, as laranjas e suco de laranja são os mais consumidos em todo o mundo. No entanto, os efeitos da infestação de laranjas sobre a qualidade do suco de laranja ainda não são conhecidos. Para avaliar o efeito da mosca-das-frutas oriental, Bactrocera dorsalis, sobre a atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja, foram medidas as mudanças na concentração de vitamina C (Vc), no teor de fenol total e na atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja após a introdução de ovos da mosca-das-frutas oriental. Dez dias após a introdução dos ovos (larvas removidas), a concentração de Vc no suco de laranja foi de 18,65 µg/mL, que foi 9,16 µg/mL menor do que a medida em suco de laranja saudável. Além disso, o teor total de fenol diminuiu de 46,519 mg em equivalente de ácido gípico (GAE)/g para 9,748 mg de GAE/g. Ademais, a atividade de eliminação de radicais livres diminuiu de 22,297% para 5,393%. A análise de correlação indicou correlações significativas dentre a concentração de Vc, o conteúdo total de fenol e a atividade antioxidante do suco de laranja após a infestação por B. dorsalis. A diminuição na concentração de Vc, o conteúdo total de fenol e a atividade sequestradora de radicais livres indicaram que B. dorsalis alterou a qualidade do suco de laranja, afetando a atividade antioxidante do suco após a infestação das laranjas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Tephritidae , Citrus sinensis , Oviposition , Fruit , Antioxidants
13.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 43: 1-7, Jan. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087465

ABSTRACT

Background: Biotechnological processes are part of modern industry as well as stricter environmental requirements. The need to reduce production costs and pollution demands for alternatives that involve the integral use of agro-industrial waste to produce bioactive compounds. The citrus industry generates large amounts of wastes due to the destruction of the fruits by microorganisms and insects together with the large amounts of orange waste generated during the production of juice and for sale fresh. The aim of this study was used orange wastes rich in polyphenolic compounds can be used as source carbon of Aspergillus fumigatus MUM 1603 to generate high added value compounds, for example, ellagic acid and other molecules of polyphenolic origin through submerged fermentation system. Results: The orange peel waste had a high concentration of polyphenols, 28% being condensed, 27% ellagitannins, 25% flavonoids and 20% gallotannins. The major polyphenolic compounds were catechin, EA and quercetin. The conditions, using an experimental design of central compounds, that allow the production of the maximum concentration of EA (18.68 mg/g) were found to be: temperature 30°C, inoculum 2 × 107 (spores/g) and orange peel polyphenols 6.2 (g/L). Conclusion: The submerged fermentation process is an effective methodology for the biotransformation of molecules present in orange waste to obtain high value-added as ellagic acid that can be used as powerful antioxidants, antibacterial and other applications.


Subject(s)
Waste Management , Citrus sinensis/chemistry , Ellagic Acid , Aspergillus fumigatus , Waste Products/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Biotechnology/methods , Hydrolyzable Tannins/analysis , Fermentation , Polyphenols/analysis , Phytochemicals
14.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2020. 88 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Thesis in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291873

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a worldwide public health problem and the main risk factor for a number of chronic diseases. Breast cancer is another worrisome disease: it is the leading cause of cancer amongst women and has an elevated mortality rate. Approximately 30 years ago, Barker and Trichopoulos suggested that cardiovascular disease and breast cancer, respectively, may be originated in utero. In subsequent years, studies proved both hypotheses correct. Understanding how in-utero environment can affect development of obesity and breast cancer in adulthood is key for preventing these diseases. Nutrition during gestation and lactation is considered a modifiable factor to impact in-utero environment. Orange juice (OJ) is an excellent source of bioactive compounds, including vitamin C and flavonoids, and reports suggests that intake of orange juice minimizes damaging effects of obesity. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of maternal obesity during gestation and lactation and OJ intake on (a) metabolic profile of male offspring exposed to control and obesogenic diets and (b) breast cancer risk of female offspring. Four-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were assigned into three groups: control- fed a control diet and water ad libitum, obese- fed obesogenic diet and water ad libitum and obese+OJ- fed obesogenic diet and OJ. After three weeks on the diet, females were mated to control males. Male offspring from each group were weaned into control or obesogenic diets for 21 weeks. Female offspring was either euthanized for evaluation of mammary gland development or submitted to a chemically induced breast carcinogenesis protocol. Parameters to assess metabolism (as body composition and adipose tissue expression of obesity-related genes), breast cancer risk (as epithelial elongation and number of terminal end buds) and tumorigenesis (incidence, latency and multiplicity of mammary tumors) were collected. ANOVA followed by Tukey or Fischer´s LSD test were used to investigate differences between groups and a p<0.05 was considered significant. Male offspring of obese mothers fed control diet presented increased glucose concentrations and expression of F4/80 and interleukin-6 compared to control offspring. Male offspring of obese+OJ mothers fed a control diet presented expression of F4/80 and interleukin-6 similar to control offspring. Male offspring to control mothers fed obesogenic diet presented increased glucose concentrations and epidydimal fat tissue compared to offspring of obese mothers. Offspring to obese+OJ mothers presented increased expression of leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α. Female offspring of obese mothers had decreased terminal end buds and increased latency of first tumor and OJ intake decreased epithelial elongation compared to offspring of control/obese mothers. Maternal obesity had greater impact in offspring exposed to control than obesogenic environment. OJ intake by mothers helped with harmful effects induced by maternal obesity on male offspring fed control diet. Control offspring exposed to obesogenic diet presented worse metabolic profile than offspring from obese mothers. In this particular case, OJ was not beneficial to male offspring. Whereas obesity induced by a high-fat high-sugar diet presented a somewhat protective effect on breast cancer risk, OJ further protected offspring of obese mothers


A obesidade é um problema de saúde pública e o principal fator de risco para uma série de doenças crônicas. O câncer de mama é outra doença preocupante: é a principal causa de câncer entre as mulheres e tem elevada taxa de mortalidade. Há 30 anos, Barker e Trichopoulos sugeriram que a doença cardiovascular e o câncer de mama, respectivamente, podem ser originados no útero. Nos anos seguintes essas hipóteses foram confirmadas. Compreender como o ambiente intrauterino pode afetar o desenvolvimento da obesidade e o câncer de mama na idade adulta, portanto, é fundamental para prevenir essas doenças. O estado nutricional e a nutrição durante a gestação e lactação são considerados fatores modificáveis e que pode influenciar o ambiente intrauterino. O suco de laranja (SL) é uma excelente fonte de compostos bioativos, incluindo vitamina C e flavonoides, e estudos sugerem que a ingestão de suco de laranja pode minimizar os efeitos deletérios da obesidade. O objetivo dessa tese foi de avaliar os efeitos da obesidade materna durante a gestação e lactação e a ingestão de SL no (a) perfil metabólico da prole masculinas expostos à dietas controle e obesogênica e (b) risco de câncer de mama da prole feminina. Camundongos fêmeas C57BL/6, com quatro semanas de idade, foram distribuídos em três grupos: controle - alimentados com uma dieta de controle e água ad libitum, obesosalimentados com dieta obesogênica e água ad libitum e obesos+SL- alimentados com dieta obesogênica e SL. Após três semanas na dieta, as fêmeas foram acasaladas com machos controle. A prole masculina de cada grupo foi desmamada e alimentadas com dieta obesogênica ou controle por 21 semanas. A prole feminina foi eutanasiada para a avaliação do desenvolvimento da glândula mamária ou submetida a um protocolo de carcinogênese mamária quimicamente induzida. Parâmetros para avaliar o metabolismo (como a composição corporal e expressão de genes relacionados à obesidade do tecido adiposo), risco de câncer de mama (como desenvolvimento epitelial e número de terminal end buds) e tumorigênese (incidência, latência e multiplicidade dos tumores mamários) foram coletados. Para investigar diferença estatística entre os grupos foi realizada ANOVA, seguida pelo teste de Tukey ou LSD de Fischer e um p<0,05 foi considerado significante. A prole masculina de mães obesas alimentadas com dieta de controle apresentou aumento das concentrações de glicose e aumento das expressões de F4/80 e interleucina-6 em relação a prole controle. A prole masculina de mães obesas+SL alimentadas com dieta controle apresentou expressão de F4/80 e interleucina-6 similar à da prole de controle. A prole masculina de mães controle e alimentada com dieta obesogênica apresentou aumento das concentrações de glicose e aumento do tecido adiposo epididimal em comparação à prole de mães obesas. A prole de mães obesas+SL apresentou maior expressão de leptina e TNF-α. A prole feminina de mães obesas apresentou redução do número de terminal end buds e aumento da latência para o aparecimento do primeiro tumor. O consumo de SL diminuiu o desenvolvimento epitelial comparado as proles de mães controles e obesas. A obesidade materna teve maior impacto na prole masculina exposta a dieta controle do que na obesogênica. A ingestão materna de SL ajudou com efeitos danosos induzidos pela obesidade materna na prole masculina alimentada com dieta controle. A prole de fêmeas controles e alimentada com dieta obesogênica apresentou perfil metabólico pior que a prole das mães obesas. Neste caso, o SL não foi benéfico para a prole masculina. A obesidade materna induzida por uma dieta rica em banha e açúcares apresentou discreto efeito protetor no risco de câncer de mama, o SL acentuou esta proteção


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Lactation , Pregnancy , Juices , Obesity, Maternal/classification , Metabolism , Obesity/classification , Women , Risk , Citrus sinensis
15.
Con-ciencia (La Paz) ; 8(2): 61-74, 2020. ilus., tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIBOCS | ID: biblio-1147992

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: la validación es el establecimiento de la evidencia documental de que un procedimiento analítico conducirá, con un alto grado de seguridad a la obtención de resultados precisos y exactos dentro de las especificaciones y los atributos de calidad previamente establecidos. OBJETIVO: Validar el método analítico por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución para la cuantificación de conservantes en jugo de naranja. MÉTODOS: el método fue validado siguiendo los parámetros referidos en la USP 40 ­ NF 35: especificidad, linealidad, precisión (repetibilidad instrumental, repetibilidad del método y precisión intermedia) y exactitud. RESULTADOS: el método analítico propuesto es selectivo/específico, presenta una excelente linealidad dentro del rango de 100 a 1000 ppm, la Precisión presentó resultados de CV < 2% siendo óptimos. La recuperación se encuentra entre 97 a 102% demostrando excelente exactitud. CONCLUSIÓN: se cumplieron todos los parámetros y criterios de validación por lo tanto el método es específico, selectivo, lineal en el intervalo de concentraciones de 100 a 1000 ppm, sensible, preciso, reproducible y exacto


INTRODUCTION: validation is the establishment of documentary evidence that an analytical procedure will lead, with a high degree of security, to obtaining precise and exact results within the specifications and previously established quality attributes. OBJECTIVE: validate the analytical method by high resolution liquid chromatography for the quantification of preservatives in orange juice. METHODS: the method was validated following the parameters referred to in USP 40 - NF 35, they are specificity, linearity, precision (instrumental repeatability, repeatability of the method and intermediate precision) and accuracy. RESULTS: the proposed analytical method is selective/specific, it presents an excellent linearity within the range of 100 to 1000 ppm, the precision presented results of CV <2% being optimal. The recovery is between 97 to 102% CONCLUSION: all the parameters and validation criteria were met, therefore the method is specific, selective, linear in the concentration range of 100 to 1000 ppm, sensitive, precise, reproducible and exact


Subject(s)
Chromatography, Liquid , Citrus sinensis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Juices , Methods
16.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 63: e20190538, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1132222

ABSTRACT

Abstract Sweet orange juice is an important part of diet since it is nutritious beverage offering good taste and play significant part in a healthy diet. High hygroscopicity, thermo-plasticity and presence of low molecular weight components in sweet orange juice offer low glass transition temperature (Tg), likely to form soft particle with sticky surface leading to sticky powder during drying. Maltodextrins are amorphous drying aids that tend to inhibit sugar crystallization and form a high Tg product after drying. In this study, the effect of the different spray drying parameters on the quality of powder derived from control and concentrated juice at three inlet air temperatures 120, 130 and 140 °C and at three levels of juice total soluble solids (TSS): maltodextrin levels at 1:0.5; 1:1 and 1:1.5 were studied. The impact of inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentration has significantly affected various properties of sweet orange powder. For control juice, process yields increased with increase in inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentration. However, for reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate, process yield increased with increase in maltodextrin concentration and decreased with increase in inlet air temperature. For control juice, process yields obtained were in the range of 12.59-41.16% and in case of concentrated juice, the process yield obtained was in the range of 21.35-56.95% at different combinations of inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentrations. Spray-dried powder was considered as "possible" and "fair" in terms of flowability and cohesiveness. Vitamin C retention was high at lower inlet air temperature with lower concentration of maltodextrin.


Subject(s)
Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Temperature , Food Production , Citrus sinensis , Fruit and Vegetable Juices/analysis
17.
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health ; : 41-47, 2020.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-820818

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the distribution of periodontopathic bacteria and oral conditions.METHODS: Stimulated saliva was collected from 162 adults aged 60 years and above. The prevalence and amount of periodontopathic bacteria in the saliva were analyzed using real-time PCR. Pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were examined to evaluate the oral conditions of the subjects. Patients who had at least one tooth surface involved, with a pocket depth ≥4 mm or clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm were classified as having periodontal disease.RESULTS: The detection rates of most bacteria in the orange and green complexes were more than 90%, while those of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia in the red complex were 58.6% and 61.7%, respectively. The number of bacteria in the red complex positively correlated with each other. There were no significant differences in the number of types of red complex bacteria in the saliva and the distribution of residual number of teeth and periodontal disease (P>0.05). On the other hand, the number of remaining teeth in subjects with higher bacterial density were more than those with lesser bacterial density. In addition, the occurrence of dental disease differed significantly depending on the number of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia.CONCLUSIONS: The relative amount of periodontopathic bacteria is important in the occurrence of periodontal disease, and the number of these bacteria positively correlated with each other.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Bacteria , Citrus sinensis , Forsythia , Hand , Oral Health , Periodontal Diseases , Prevalence , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Saliva , Stomatognathic Diseases , Tooth
18.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 42: e52699, fev. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460910

ABSTRACT

Laccases are oxidoreductase enzymes that have the ability to oxidize phenolic substrates. Its biotechnological potential has been greatly explored in many areas as biotechnology industry, bioremediation of dyes, food industry and environmental microbiology. The aim of this study was maximize the laccase production by Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quélet in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using orange waste as substrate. After optimization the capability of the crude laccase to decolorize dyes was analyzed. The fermentation medium in the solid-state was optimized by applying a factorial design. After statistics optimization, laccase activity increased two times. The laccase activity appears to be correlated with the ability of crude extract to decolorize some industrial dyes. The optimized laccase was characterized with respect to optimum pH, influence of temperature and salts. Our results demonstrate that P. pulmonarius was an efficient producer of an important industrial enzyme, laccase, in a cheap solid-state system using orange waste as substrate.


Subject(s)
Citrus sinensis/microbiology , Citrus sinensis/chemistry , Laccase , Pleurotus
19.
Braz. j. biol ; 79(4): 742-748, Nov. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001482

ABSTRACT

Abstract Citrus fruit production occupies a place of considerable importance in the economy of the world including Pakistan. Tristeza disease caused by Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) exists in various forms that may or may not cause symptoms in the plants. The bioactive compounds and antioxidants are naturally present in plants and provide a defense mechanism that is generally accelerated in response to a stress. The objective of the present study was to target and analyze the citrus plants that were CTV positive to observe the changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of citrus (Sweet Oranges only). It was observed that in response to CTV infection, both the non-enzymatic antioxidants (total flavonoid, ascorbic acid, phenolic acid) and enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) activities showed an increasing trend overall. The profiling of antioxidants in response to a viral infection may help in the discovery of new biomarkers that can be used as a monitoring tool in disease management.


Resumo As frutas cítricas ocupam um lugar de considerável importância na economia do Paquistão, assim como o resto do mundo. A doença da tristeza causada pelo Vírus da Tristeza dos Citros (CTV) existe em várias formas que podem ou não apresentar sintomas nas plantas. Os compostos bioativos e antioxidantes estão naturalmente presentes nas plantas e fornecem um mecanismo de defesa que é geralmente acelerado em resposta a um estresse. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as alterações causadas pelo CTV nos antioxidantes enzimáticos e não enzimáticos de laranjas doces. Foi observado que, em resposta ao ataque de CTV, os antioxidantes não enzimáticos como flavonoides totais, ácido ascórbico, ácido fenólico e antioxidantes enzimáticos, como as atividades de catalase, superóxido dismutase e peroxidase, geralmente mostram uma tendência crescente. O perfil de antioxidantes em resposta a um ataque viral pode ajudar na descoberta de novos biomarcadores que podem ser usados ​​como uma ferramenta de monitoramento no gerenciamento de doenças.


Subject(s)
Plant Diseases/prevention & control , Plant Diseases/virology , Closterovirus/physiology , Citrus sinensis/enzymology , Citrus sinensis/chemistry , Antioxidants/analysis , Antioxidants/classification , Ascorbic Acid/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Catalase/analysis , Peroxidase/analysis
20.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 42: 30-41, Nov. 2019. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1087456

ABSTRACT

Background: Gene expression analysis via microarray is widely used in phytobacteria to validate differential gene expression associated with virulence or to compare biological profiles of wild type and mutant strains. Here, we employed DNA microarrays to study the early stages of the infection process (24, 72 and 120 h post-inoculation) of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) infecting Citrus sinensis to interrogate the expression profiles of hypothetical genes. Results: Under infective conditions, 446 genes were up- and 306 downregulated. Outstanding among genes upregulated during infection were those involved in synthesizing the Type 3 Secretion System and effectors, xanthan gum and quorum-sensing induction, and flagellum synthesis and regulation. Additionally, 161 hypothetical genes were up- and 100 were downregulated, 49 of which are known to have a significant biological role. To understand hypothetical gene co-regulation or -expression, nine expression profiles including 158 genes were identified during the three infection phases. Of these, 47 hypothetical genes were identified as having expression profiles associated with at least one connected to a gene associated with adaptation and virulence. Conclusions: Expression patterns of six differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of this tool in global gene expression analysis in Xac.


Subject(s)
Xanthomonas/genetics , Xanthomonas/pathogenicity , Citrus sinensis/microbiology , Virulence , Xanthomonas/growth & development , Gene Expression , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Transcriptome , Type III Secretion Systems , Genes, Bacterial
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